What is considered the leading cause of death in infants during their first year?

The leading cause of death in infants during their first year is indeed congenital malformations. This category encompasses a wide range of birth defects and structural abnormalities that can significantly impact an infant's health and survival. Congenital malformations include conditions affecting the heart, brain, spine, and other organs, which can lead to various complications either shortly after birth or in the early months of life.

While prematurity is a critical factor in infant mortality, congenital malformations remain the primary cause when considering the overall population. Infections are also a concern for infants but typically do not surpass congenital malformations as a leading cause of death within the first year. Accidents, though they pose risks in older infants, are less common compared to the impact of congenital defects in the neonatal period. This context highlights the significance of understanding congenital malformations in the assessment and improvement of infant health outcomes.